Othello Vs. Omkara free essay sample

When someone mentions Bollywood, the mind quickly thinks of a film where the plot is based on love triangles and romance which often ends happily ever after. This thought is accompanied with characters singing and dancing in authentic traditional costumes, like the sari (a costume for women), in an attempt to highlight a situation or mood more. Watching Bollywood is like watching recorded cultural dance shows because of how well cultural aspects are embedded in each routine. In Bollywood films, love is usually the driving force of each plot, so it is interesting to watch a film like Vishal Bhardwaj’s Omkara, an adaptation of William Shakespeare’s Othello, and see how it uses love of a politician to the love of a military hero. Omkara sets in a conservative Indian Society which is more contemporary than that of the play Othello which was set in a Venetian society between 1500 and 1750. We will write a custom essay sample on Othello Vs. Omkara or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even though the settings differ by years and culture, the director of the film, Vishal Bhardwaj, managed to include the backbone of the story. This includes the themes revenge, deception, and love. The only obvious difference between the play and the movie is the characterization of the characters. The major one being Omkara (Othello) not being a moor. Through an analytic comparison between the play and the movie based on the plot and the characterization of Omkara reveals that Omkara successfully transforms a Venetian society-based play into one that an Indian society could enjoy, understand and relate to without removing the essence William Shakespeare. The beginning of the movie differs greatly from the play. In the play, the plot begins with Iago planning a revenge on Othello for choosing Cassio over Iago for a promotion. On the other hand, the introduction of the movie is stretched and is longer than that of the play where it jumps straight into Iago’s plans. The movie begins with an arrange marriage which was eventually between Raju, a character who represents Shakespeare’s Roderigo, and Dolly, a character who represents Desdemona, which was disrupted because of Dolly’s love towards Omkara. The scene where Dolly’s commitment with Omkara is revealed is when Dolly runs from her home in her way to go to Omkara. The second revelation of this is when, Raju accuses Omkara for forcefully taking Dolly, but Dolly responds by saying that it was her who wanted to be with Omkara. The introduction is further prolonged with the scene of Omkara’s rise of political power and where he chooses Kesu over Langdu as his successor. It was after this scene where Langdu’s plan against Omkara is revealed for denying this long-waited promotion. Though prolonged, the movie brings in the theme of revenge which becomes the driving force of both the movie and the play. Without â€Å"revenge† the movie would have lost the essence of William Shakespeare. The introduction was not the only difference of the plot. Another difference, but more minor, is that in the beginning of the play, Othello is already married to Desdemona, while in the movie, Omkara marries Dolly after his promotion. To me, this was done because marriages are important in the Indian society and also to add to the plot by showing that the love between Omkara and Dolly was official. This also showed the giving of the heirloom to Dolly, a gift of high importance and the gift that was used to deceive Omkara. In the movie the heirloom was the handkerchief of William Shakespeare’s play. Throughout the movie Omkara’s evolution as a character parallels with Othello. In the beginning of the movie, Omkara is a man with great honor for himself and shows his love for Dolly. After Iago initiates his plan, we start to question Omkara’s ability to trust. In one scene Langdu takes advantage of Kesu because he cannot handle his alcohol. So Langdu makes him drink to the point where Kesu becomes irresponsible. Omkara is given the news of Kesu’s irresponsibility and scolds Kesu, the man who he appointed as his successor. Being away so often, Omkara is not able to watch over his friends and his family and therefore he relies on advices from Langdu; like Iago, Omkara trusts in his advices and his word. Langdu uses this to his advantage as he can easily manipulate each story and quickly cause problems for Omkara. Omkara is seen as the typical possessive man of the society and one that trusts his acquaintances more than his wife. Omkara begins to show his distrust for Dolly when Langdu tells him that Dolly and Kesu had been having an affair during Omkara’s absence. Omkara sees for himself that the heirloom was in the possession of Kesu, a set-up of Langdu, which enrages him enough to eventually kill Dolly. Once Omkara has killed Dolly, he is told that it was Langdu who devised such plan, he kills himself because of guilt. Omkara was not capable of handling the situation just like Othello. Which means, in both the movie and the play this character was a victim of his own distrust towards the people who care about them most. A clear contradiction for soldiers and political officials whose qualities are based on trust. In the play, this was more understanding because Othello was a soldier, a man who was clearly unfit to love. The movie ended the way Shakespeare would have ended it, with a tragic death of the main character along with the death of others. The plot was clearly studied by the producer and so was the characters, but the most interesting aspect of the movie is how it incorporated Indian culture. From arranged marriages to the heirloom, the movie stayed in the realms of the Indian Society.

All living things use some way to survive and defend themselves

All living things use some way to survive and defend themselves. Frogs use their skin in many ways for these reasons. So how do frogs use their skin, color and poison to survive and defend themselves? In this paper you will learn how frogs use their skin to live, survive and defend themselves.Frog skin is thin and naked. It has no scales, no hair, and no feathers. However, the skin of a frog is critical to their survival. Through it, they both drink and breathe. They also use their skin to absorb all the moisture they need through their skin because they do not swallow. Although frogs do have lungs, they rely on the extra oxygen they absorb through their skin, especially when theyre underwater. Frogs must keep their skin moist. Otherwise, oxygen cant pass easily through their skin and they suffocate. Frog skin secretes a mucus that helps them keep moist. Even so, their skin tends to dry out which is why they usually stay near bodies of water. They rely on dew for moistur e or burrow themselves underground in moist soil. Although they rely on their skin for a lot of purposes they do rejuvenate themselves by shedding their skin once a week. This process consists of a lot of twisting, bending and stretching to loosen the skin. Once the frog has loosened !it enough it pulls the skin over its head like a sweater and usually eats it.I have been describing simple and logical reasons for the importance of frog skin. However, there are more reasons to make it all the more fascinating. In frogs, pigmentation or skin color depends on the presence of specialized cells and the resulting optical phenomena. These cells are differentiated from the so-called neural crest during the stage when the brain and the spine are being formed and then migrate to the surface of the skin. The evolutionary history of the biology of pigmentation may be dry material, but it is the basis for the dazzling ...

5 Steps to Write a Strong Position Paper

5 Steps to Write a Strong Position Paper In a position paper assignment, your charge is to choose a side on a particular topic, sometimes controversial, and build up a case for your opinion or position. You will use facts, opinion, statistics, and other forms of evidence to convince your reader that your position is the best one. To do this, youll collect research for your position paper and craft an outline in order to create a well-constructed argument. Select a Topic for Your Paper Your position paper centers around a topic that is supported by research. Your topic and position have to hold up when challenged, so its helpful to research a few topics and pick the one you can best argue, even if it may not reflect your personal beliefs. In many cases, the subject matter and your topic are not as important as your ability to make a strong case. Your topic can be simple or complex, but your argument must be sound and logical. Conduct Preliminary Research Preliminary research is necessary to determine whether sufficient evidence is available to back up your stance. You don’t want to get too attached to a topic that falls apart under a challenge. Search a few reputable sites, like education (.edu) sites and government (.gov) sites, to find professional studies and statistics. If you come up with nothing after an hour of searching, or if you find that your position doesn’t stand up to the findings on reputable sites, choose another topic. This could save you from a lot of frustration later. Challenge Your Own Topic You must know the opposite view as well as you know your own stance when you take a position. Take the time to determine all the possible challenges that you might face as you support your view. Your position paper must address the opposing view and chip away at it with counter-evidence. Consider having friends, colleagues, or family debate the topic with you to get alternative points of view that you might not have readily considered yourself. When you find arguments for the other side of your position, you can address them in a fair manner, and then state why they are not sound. Another helpful exercise is to draw a line down the middle of a plain sheet of paper and list your points on one side and list opposing points on the other side. Which argument is really better? If it looks like your opposition might outnumber you with valid points, you should reconsider your topic or your stance on the topic. Continue to Collect Supporting Evidence Once you’ve determined that your position is supportable and the opposite position is (in your opinion) weaker than your own, you are ready to branch out with your research. Go to a library and conduct a search, or ask the reference librarian to help you find more sources. You can, of course, conduct online research as well, but its important to know how to properly vet the validity of the sources you use. Ensure that your articles are written by reputable sources, and be wary of singular sources that differ from the norm, as these are often subjective rather than factual in nature. Try to collect a variety of sources, and include both an expert’s opinion (doctor, lawyer, or professor, for example) and personal experience (from a friend or family member) that can add an emotional appeal to your topic. These statements should support your own position but should read differently than your own words. The point of these is to add depth to your argument or provide anecdotal support. Create an Outline A position paper can be arranged in the following format: 1. Introduce your topic with some basic background information. Build up to your thesis sentence, which asserts your position. Sample points: For decades, the FDA has required that warning labels should be placed on certain products that pose a threat to public health.Fast food restaurants are bad for our health.Fast food packages should contain warning labels. 2. Introduce possible objections to your position. Sample points: Such labels would affect the profits of major corporations.Many people would see this as overreaching government control.Whose job is it to determine which restaurants are bad? Who draws the line?The program would be costly. 3. Support and acknowledge the opposing points. Just be sure you arent discrediting your own views. Sample points: It would be difficult and expensive for any entity to determine which restaurants should adhere to the policy.Nobody wants to see the government overstepping its boundaries.Funding would fall on the shoulders of taxpayers. 4. Explain that your position is still the best one, despite the strength of counter-arguments. This is where you can work to discredit some of the counter-arguments and support your own. Sample points: The cost would be countered by the improvement of public health.Restaurants might improve the standards of food if warning labels were put into place.One role of the government is to keep citizens safe.The government already does this with drugs and cigarettes. 5. Summarize your argument and restate your position. End your paper focusing on your argument and avoid the counter-arguments. You want your audience to walk away with your view on the topic being one that resonates with them. When you write a position paper, write with confidence and state your opinion with authority. After all, your goal is to demonstrate that your position is the correct one.

Development of Dubai International Airport (DXBOMDB) (Dubai) Essay

Development of Dubai International Airport (DXBOMDB) (Dubai) - Essay Example d.). In order to ensure continuous growth, continuous development and improvement need to be taken place. Different development projects are carried out on the Airport Development which boosts the growth of the Airport. The Dubai International Airport was constructed under the supervision and order of the then ruler Sheikh Rashid Bin Saeed Al Maktoum in the year 1959. This is considered as the first Airport in the country. In the beginning there were no much facilities in the Airport and the runway was limited. The Airport is situated four kilometers way from the city (Dubai International Airport, n. d.). The growth rate of the Dubai International Airport is high compared to other Airports in the Middle East. The Dubai International Airport holds highest position in the ratings by authorities like International Air Transport Association (IATA) (Home, n. d.). The Dubai International Airport is owned by the government of United Arab Emirates (Profile, n. d.). The Transportation facility ki nd of the infrastructure of a country has to be developed continuously. The development of Dubai International Airport is essential for the development of the country and for making one among the top countries of the world. If the International Airport at Dubai is developed at a higher phase it can attract many foreigners including tourists and investors. The investors would be investing in country only after a detailed study of the infrastructure of that particular country including the international transportation. This fact forced the government of the United Arab Emirates, to think about the development of existing international airport by way of expansion programs. The phase II expansion plan was an initiative to such a development. By this Phase II expansion what the government is aimed is overall development of the different facilities of the Airport. The main aim was this expansion program was to increase the traffic facility as number of airlines and passengers is goes on increasing. In order to accommodate these increased airlines, the existing traffic facilities need to be improved. The globalization and other development in the world has increased the number of passengers and coming to and going from the country. The new development plan includes the construction of buildings, new landing facilities an other modifications. As new buildings and facilities are going to be created in the airport, the infrastructure facility inside the airport will also have to be subjected for modification and improvement (Dubai Airport Terminal, n. d.). The cargo mega terminal creation is another major part of the Airport development. This terminal is cons tructed in such a way that it can deal millions of freight. Both the projects that is the phase II expansion and construction of cargo terminal creation has been started in the year 2002 and the expected completion time of the Phase II expansion is 2007 and that of cargo mega terminal is 2018 (Dubai International Airport, n. d.). The development plan is a systematically designed one. This is designed in such a way that it can create much customer value by way of providing the customers the required service at ease. The organizational chart for this development plan is designed keeping in mind the change in technology. The main person who is the sole authority of this expansion project

Review and analyze John Updike's portrayal of the American middle Essay

Review and analyze John Updike's portrayal of the American middle class in his fiction - Essay Example So successful was his original representation of Rabbit Angstrom in his 1960 that he published two subsequent novels that followed the development of his character in both the 1970’s and the 1980’s. These novels describe many themes and motifs that were, and to a large extent still are, experienced by middle-class America. Accordingly, this brief essay will analyze some of these themes by considering key progressions that manifested themselves within two of John Updike’s novels. The first of these novels, Rabbit, Run, deals with the dissatisfaction that hid very casually beneath the surface of late 1950’s America. The topic is hardly ever discussed due to the fact that the post war years have been so highly stylized and idealized that the reader would think that not a care in the world existed (besides perhaps the Soviets and the bomb). Yet, within this seeming idyllic world, Updike portrays the life of the middle class, via the character of Rabbit Angstro m, as one which is fundamentally dissatisfied by the superficial consumerism and fraudulence that the late 1950’s had on the society of that time (Edwards 13). ... o the reader is one that engages the audience on a host of rather un-kosher topics (at least for the 1950s) with relation to abortion, prostitution, homosexuality, and even the topic of blow jobs. In this way, Updike is able to present to the reader, via the vehicle of Rabbit Angstrom, the frustration, confusion, despair, and ultimate desire for experience and sexual revolution that typified the generation of the late 1950s and early 1960s. As such, this representation was indicative of what would come to fruition during the 1960s and the cultural and sexual revolutions that re-defined the American landscape (Clasen 134). In this way, more than a running commentary on the factors that led to the growth and development of the American society during the period, Updike’s novel engages the reader with the understanding that fundamental dissatisfaction and unhappiness were the underlying reasons why the developments of the proceeding decades developed in the way they did. Similarl y, the second book in the series, published in 1971 and named Rabbit Redux, follows the same character, Rabbit Angstrom, and develops upon he and his deteriorating personal life and relationships that it has spawned. Rather than relating that the liberation of the 1960s has brought Rabbit the comfort, meaning and solace that he so desired in the first novel, the author relates that Rabbits life is very much incomplete in much the same way it was in the first novel (Crowe 83). Rabbit is still working a dead-end job, still quite unfulfilled, and has recently had his wife leave him. However, such a situation is not indicative of the middle-class struggle that Americans of this particular era were going through. As a means to engage the reader on the struggles that the middle class experienced in

Interrupt and a Trap in an Operating System Essay Example for Free

Interrupt and a Trap in an Operating System Essay What are the differences between an interrupt and a trap? What are their importance? According to Stallings (2012) an interrupt is â€Å"a suspension of a process, such as the execution of a computer program, caused by an event external to that process and performed in such a way that the process can be resumed† (p. 716). Stallings (2012) goes on to say that â€Å"interrupts are provided primarily as a way to improve processor utilization. For example, most I/O devices are much slower than the processor† (p. 14). â€Å"A trap is an unprogrammed conditional jump to a specified address that is automatically activated by hardware; the location from which the jump was made is recorded† (Stallings, 2012, p. 721). A trap is actually a software generated interrupt caused either by an error (for example division by zero, invalid memory access etc.), or by a specific request by an operating system service generated by a user program. Trap is sometimes called Exception. The hardware or software can generate these interrupts. When the interrupt or trap occurs, the hardware transfers control to the operating system which first preserves the current state of the system by saving the current CPU registers content and program counters value. Then the focus shifts to the determination of which type of interrupt has occurred. For each type of interrupt, separate segments of code in the operating system determine what action should be taken and thus the system keeps on functioning by executing computational instruction, I/O instruction, storage instruction etc. Provide an example of each. Example of an Interrupt retrieved from http://www.scriptoriumdesigns.com/embedded/show_codefile.php?fname=interrupts/AVR_ISR_1.c // AVR_ISR_1 #include avr/io.h #include avr/interrupt.h typedef uint8_t u8; // convenient unsigned variable designations typedef uint16_t u16; #define INPORT PIND #define OUTPORT PORTC #define OUTDDR DDRC volatile u8 Int_flag = 0; ISR( INT0_vect ) { OUTPORT ^= 0x01; // toggle LED } void int0_init( void ) { MCUCR = (1ISC01); // enable negative edge on INT0 GICR = (1INT0); // enable INT0 } int main( void ) { OUTDDR = 0x01; // set bit 0 to output OUTPORT = 0x01; // set LED off (active low) int0_init(); // configure INT0 sei(); // enable global interrupts while (1) // loop forever, all work happens in ISR ; return(0); Example of a trap retrieved from http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/aix/library/au-usingtraps/index.html #!/bin/bash # proj_dir=/opt/pcake/bin # check file is present if [ ! -f $proj_dir/run_pj ] then echo $proj_dir/run_pj not presentexiting exit 1 fi # make a backup copy cp -p $proj_dir/run_pj $proj_dir/run_pj.24042011 if [ $? != 0 ] then echo $proj_dir/run_pj no backup madeexiting exit 1 fi # copy over updated file if [ ! -f /opt/dump/rollout/run_pj ] then echo /opt/dump/rollout/run_pj not presentexiting exit 1 fi cp -p /opt/dump/rollout/run_pj $proj_dir/run_pj if [ $? != 0 ] then echo $proj_dir/run_pj was not copied..exiting exit 1 fi References: Stallings, W. (2012). Operating systems: Internals and design principles (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Prentice Hall.

Imperialism :: essays research papers

Imperialism Causes and strategies; Reactions to expansion:-Increasing tensions among industrial powers. -Increasing agitation for national independence.-Scrambles for empire: Africa China, Latin America. --China--the Boxer Rebellion.--Latin America and Free Trade Imperialism ---The scramble brings new players.---The United States.----Internal imperialism. ---Rivalries and alliances-Independence movement leads to revolution (mass movement)--Latin America-middle class join elites or masses. ---The Constitution of 1917. -Independence deferred: India --Development of Indian Nationalist-divided nationalism b/w Hindu & Muslim Industrialization -Recruitment of science in industrialization -Premier industries-Transportation, materials, electricity and communication -Standardizing work and workers.--The automobile and mass production; assembly line production; --scientific management; Time and motion studies.-communications; telegraph -Electric light and power systems The two faces of science in the industrial age. Science and social uplift; Industrial science and monopoly capitalism. Modernization: Bourgeois liberalism: rule of law, contracts, rights; Industrial capitalism: free markets, free labor, mechanization, growth of professional classes.-Ottoman Turks indebted to France and Britain brings reforms. Financial infrastructure, class formation, urbanization.-Lack of industrialization, and trade deficits. Young Ottomans and demands for constitution & parliament.-Western liberalism, Turkish nationalism, Islamic modernism. Globalization: Supplying the industrial west; creating an indigenous middle class, encouraging European bourgeois values.-Igniting indigenous nationalism and reform movements.-Usually without mass support. N. Africa: Egyptian modernization under Muhammad Ali. The limits of modernization.-The Revolution of 1857-8 and annexation; The emergence of middle-class. Indian nationalists; Formation of the Indian National Congress. -During the Opium War Chinese military weakness: modern weaponry -Industrial Revolution "quiet revolution"; Making use of surplus rural labor -Britain first: Population growth, market and social structure, religious dissent: the "Protestant work ethic." Agricultural revolution, enclosure movement, rural poverty. Selective breeding, fertilization, land reclamation Fuel sources: coal, tapping greater energy supplies. Capital resources: empire, trade, banks. Domestic peace (no wars on British soil). -The transportation & communications revolutions. turnpikes (roads); Canals; railroads; telegraph. -Urbanization and growth of municipal government.

Nuclear Energy Social Benefits and Costs

Its impacts on the environment are almost Non-existent if well managed: It occupies only small surfaces of land and consumes small amounts of fuel; its waste is small, confined, and isolated from the environment. there is no industry in the world that can present the same excellent record of safety performance as the nuclear industry. Introduction to Nuclear Energy for Civilian Purposes * Most early atomic research focused on developing an effective weapon for use in World War II.After the war, the United States government encouraged the development of nuclear energy for peaceful civilian purposes while continuing to develop, test, and deploy new nuclear weapons. * The Experimental Breeder Reactor I at a site in Idaho generated the first electricity from nuclear energy on December 20, 1951. * As of 2008, 13% of the world’s electricity comes from nuclear energy. Fewer than 400 nuclear power reactors were operating as of May 2012 (Japan's 54 reactors were gradually taken offline after the March 2011 meltdowns at Fukushima Daiichi).There were also 60 nuclear reactors under construction. * In the United States alone, there are 103 nuclear power reactors, which provide about 19% of the nation’s electricity. * A new nuclear power plant has not been ordered in the U. S. since 1973. How It Works – The Scientific Process Behind Nuclear Energy * Nuclear energy relies on the fact that some elements can be split (in a process called fission) and will release part of their energy as heat. Because it fissions easily, Uranium-235 (U-235) is one of the elements most commonly used to produce nuclear energy. It is generally used in a mixture with Uranium-238, and produces Plutonium-239 (Pu-239) as waste in the process. * A nuclear power plant generates electricity like any other steam-electric power plant. Water is heated, and steam from the boiling water turns turbines and generates electricity. * The main difference in the various types of steam-electric p lants is the heat source.Coal, oil, or gas is burned in other power plants to heat the water. Heat from a chain reaction of fissioning Uranium-235 boils the water in a nuclear power plant. Some have compared this process to using a canon to kill a fly. * On March 11, 2011, a strong earthquake hit off the coast of Japan. The resulting tsunami caused meltdowns at multiple reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. For more information on the accident at Fukushima,  click here. * On April 26, 1986, the No. 4 reactor at the Chernobyl power plant (in the former U.S. S. R. , present-day Ukraine) exploded, causing the worst nuclear accident ever. SOCIAL COSTS External Costs * The waste material generated by nuclear energy from nuclear fleets to nuclear plants is radio-active, and for this waste to naturally decompose it takes from hundred thousand to millions of years, if it is not fully decomposed it still poses a threat. * The waste material created by nuclear energy if it isn’t disposed well, and terrorists can have access to it the result would be disastrous, as it can be used for nuclear weapons. If there is any nuclear accident the reaction would spread to a large area and apart from destroying people’s lives it would also cause other people and different organisms to be radio-actively exposed creating long-term health problems. * Nuclear accidents tend to destroy the natural ecosystem, by polluting water-bodies and animals. * Nuclear accidents can cause climate change: extreme heat waves or droughts. Private Costs * Allocating the resources (land) for building the nuclear energy power plant is very difficult, as finding a fairly sparsely populated region close to a water-body isn’t available readily. The investment needed for to build a nuclear energy power plant, and the capital for its safety measures all costs a lot of money(in billions). * If a nuclear power station wants to shut down, the process of nuclear decommissioni ng (process of entrusting the land for other uses) is also very expensive. * The process of getting rid of the nuclear waste is very costly, as the investors need to hire highly skilled people to enclose this waste into tin boxes for it to degrade, and the capital (equipment) and transportation facility for this process is very expensive. Nuclear accidents can three times more than the operating revenue of that nuclear power plant. SOCIAL BENEFITS External Benefits * Nuclear energy has very high chances for development, as some can produce less nuclear waste, others have chances of efficiently reproduce the waste, and nuclear power plants can run on other types of radio-active materials, or with little waste products producing huge amount of electricity. * Nuclear energy running on different types of radio-active material is predicted to fulfil the increasing demand for electricity for more than 3000 years. Nuclear energy is the one of the energy type which does not release any gree nhouse gases into the atmosphere, but only releases water-vapour as a by-product, but yet still has the capacity to produce a lot of energy. * The waste product generated from fossil fuel is far greater than nuclear energy, the burning of coal not only produces greenhouse gases but also fairly radio-active materials which are leashed into the environment, but in nuclear energy the radio-active waste is shielded from the environment and is far less compared to that of burning fossil fuels. Nuclear energy plants have the ability to produce large amounts of electricity which would not only be cheap but would have a high voltage; this would help a country’s industrial (secondary) sector. Private Benefits * The amount spent on buying fuel (uranium rods, etc. ) is very less. * For investors according to their scale of preference to develop a power station, a nuclear energy plant would be high on the scale.Because the chances of there being a nuclear accident is very low, as there i s no power industry in the world that can present the same excellent records of safety measurements than the nuclear energy industry. Despite the Chernobyl disaster which was because of the USSR developing very fast and lack of the type of technology available today, and the Fukushima nuclear disaster being an act of God, which the world wasn’t prepared for but now is.

Certainty and Insanity: Hamlet Essay

With no way to be absolutely certain about anything in life, it makes it hard to deliver the justice some may need. In William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, Hamlet never allows himself to come to an absolute certainty that Claudius killed his father. Whether it was his insanity or his morals, he is unable to take retribution for the murder of his father, which helps drive him insane. By not taking justice into his own hands, Hamlet’s indecision, and his insanity, ultimately leads him to his own death. When Hamlet first meets with the ghost of his father and hears the story of his death, he doesn’t want to believe the ghost outright. Upon finding out that Claudius has killed his father, Hamlet could have simply went to the Kings’ bedroom and slit his throat while he slept. He ignored this opportunity, which allowed his mind to begin questioning his actions. This is the first time Hamlet will delay the killing of Claudius. He begins to slip into insanity, which paralyzes his actions. Hamlet explains that the time for action isn’t right when he is speaking with Horatio the night he first saw the ghost. â€Å"The time is out of joint. O cursed spite, / That ever I was born to set it right† (I. v. 88-89). Hamlet explains that he understands that the situation of seeing the ghost or even the story may not be right, but he feels like he is the person to fix it. This puts a great deal of pressure on Hamlet, which starts the downward spiral of his insanity. Hamlet faces many dilemmas during the course of the play. He has the dilemma of having to come to terms with losing his father. He then has to deal with the anger he has towards his mother for her quick remarriage. Then when Hamlet finds out that his mother’s new husband, his uncle, was the murderer, he isn’t able to deal with any more. With dilemmas keep piling on top of one another, Hamlet has a psychotic break. As Ophelia explains it to her father, My Lord, as I was sewing in my closet, Lord Hamlet, with his doublet all unbraced; No hat upon his head; his stockings fouled, Ungartered, and down-gyved to his ankle; Pale as his shirt; his knees knocking each other; With a look so piteous in purport As if he had been loosed out of hell To speak of horrors, he comes before me. (II, i, 77-84) In this explanation, one begins to understand that Hamlet has been unable to deal with the death of his father, much less the fact that he was murdered by his uncle. The behaviors exhibited by Hamlet are not the actions a normal person would have, especially one of royalty. As Edward Foster explains, â€Å"That Hamlet loses his mental stability is arguable from his behavior toward Ophelia †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Foster, par 17). A person not suffering from some form of psychosis would have been more put together and rational. Hamlet’s insanity allows him to sink into a reality that isn’t real, â€Å"†¦.results in the development if a sense of unreality in the affected individual† (â€Å"Hamlet†, par 2) While the ghosts’ story shouldn’t have left any doubt in Hamlet’s mind, he is still uncertain that Claudius did commit the act, fearing that the ghost could be the devil in disguise, just trying to make him a murderer. So in a poorly devised plan, Hamlet thinks he knows a way to get absolute certainty that Claudius killed his father. Hamlet’s plan is, â€Å"There is a play tonight before the king. / One scene of it comes near the circumstance / Which I have told thee of my father’s death† (III, ii. 68-70). This plan is used to gauge Claudius’s reaction, so as to tell if he has a guilty conscious or not. This is where Hamlet’s sanity is furthered questioned. If Claudius’s realizes this is Hamlet’s actions, then he can assume Hamlet knows about his terrible deed, and may send for him to be executed. John Alvis agrees by stating, â€Å"†¦Hamlet’s deeds appear ill considered and politically feeble† (par 9). While that does happen later, Hamlet gets the proof he needs, when Claudius stands during the play and exclaims, â€Å"Give me some light, away!† (III, ii, 252) The next time that Hamlet delays in killing Claudius, it is because he finds Claudius kneeling in prayer after the play. Hamlet assumes Claudius is asking repentance for the killing of his father, thus would still get to walk through Heaven’s gate with a pure and clean soul. Hamlet knows that his father wasn’t afforded this luxury by his words in Act 1 when the ghost said, â€Å"†¦ Cut off even in the blossoms of my sin, / †¦/ No reckoning made, but sent to my account / With all my imperfections on my head† (I, v. 76-79). While King Hamlet was robbed of his chance to repent his sins,  young Hamlet would not be so easy to allow Claudius to die after being forgiven of his. â€Å"†¦ he believes that Claudius, killed at prayer, would not be damned to hell.† (â€Å"Hamlet† par 2) Hamlet believes that allowing Claudius to go to heaven would be just as bad as if he murdered his father. Although Claudius’s reaction is enough certainty for almost anyone, the freak out by Claudius still doesn’t satisfy Hamlet. If Hamlet was clear minded, he would be able to see the truth and complete his promise to his father. Hamlet continues to allow doubt to dictate his actions. â€Å"Contagion to this world. Now I could drink hot blood / And do such bitter business as the bitter day / Would quake to look on †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (III, ii, 365-367) The words Hamlet uses do not show the stability that he thinks he has. Hamlet’s insanity plays such a vital role in his delay of justice against Claudius. He is so wound up in his own mind that he has a hard time accepting that he is the reason of his delay. He spends so much time plotting and planning, he can never really convince himself to do the act. He is also stuck in a realm of pity. Poor, poor Hamlet. He shows this in his soliloquy: †¦ Am I a coward? Who calls me â€Å"villain†? Breaks my pate across? Plucks off my beard and blows it in my face? Tweaks me by the nose? Gives me the lie i’ th’ throat? As deep as to the lungs? Who does me this? Ha! ‘Swounds, I should take it, for it cannot be But I am pigeon-livered and lack gall To make the oppression bitter, or ere this I should have fatted all the region kites With this slave’s offal. Bloody, bawdy villain! (II, ii, 547-557) His self-pity blinds him to his task, and allows the pressures of that task to take over, and allows him to sink into insanity a little more. He knows that he should have already taken Claudius’s life, but because his cowardliness, he has failed to do it, and in turn, sinks further in his self-pity. As Hamlet’s madness continues, his delay makes him responsible for the  deaths of so many others. Had he killed Claudius sooner, the life of his mother, Polonius and Ophelia could have been saved. As Alvis explains, â€Å"By his delay Hamlet has contributed to his mother’s death, and by his own imprudent decisions he has made himself responsible for the murder of Polonius, the consequent madness and death of Ophelia†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (par 12). With that weighing on Hamlet’s mind, he would not have been able to return to a state of sanity anyway, as he had such a guilty conscious anyway. Through all of Hamlet’s delay, he finally makes good on his promise of revenge in the final acts of the play. As Foster explains, â€Å"†¦ he strikes his uncle only after he has discovered Claudius’s final scheme to kill him† (Foster, par 17). While Hamlet has delayed his killing of Claudius throughout the entire play, it wasn’t until the very end of the play that he asserts his authority and locks the door upon his mother dying, â€Å"O villainy! Ho, let the door be locked. / Treachery! Seek it out† (V, ii, 313-314). Laertes then explains the plot of Claudius to kill Hamlet, and he forces Claudius to drink his own poison. This is a certain type of justice in its own. Karma, let’s say. In the play Hamlet, many things take place that alert the audience to the instability of Hamlet. Upon losing his father, his mother quickly remarried her late husband’s brother. Hamlet’s father came back as a ghost to tell Hamlet that he was damned to hell because his brother had killed him. He promised his father that he would seek revenge for his death. All of these things mount together and place a heavy burden on Hamlet. As he progressively gets worse, he begins to alienate everyone in his life, feeding them stories and dancing around questions. He denies things he has given to Ophelia, and denies he had ever loved her. The one person who he trusts the most and the only person he allows to be a part of his plan is Horatio. Horatio is the balance for Hamlet. When it appears Hamlet has gone a little too far, Horatio is able to center him and bring him back to this realm of reality. Hamlet has delayed the death of Claudius because of insanity, but also because of his sanity. Wavering between the two, Hamlet never allows himself the chance to accept his duties. He never actually commits the revenge as promised, but the job does get done in the end.

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Chaucer And The Canterbury Tales English Literature Essay

Chaucer And The Canterbury Tales English Literature Essay In reading Geoffrey Chaucer’s most dramatic gallery of portraits in The General Prologue of his most renowned work, The Canterbury Tales, one understands why he is deemed the Father of the English Literary Canon. Chaucer, unlike no one of his time, set out to tell fresh and amusing tales simply to entertain fourteenth century England. The Canterbury Tales tells the tale of twenty-nine pilgrims who meet by chance at the Tabard Inn in Southwark right outside of London. These diverse, yet colorful pilgrims are on their way to visit the shrine of the martyr St. Thomas Becket at the Canterbury cathedral. At the urging of the innkeeper, then turned host they each agree to tell two tales each, one going to Canterbury and one returning. The Canterbury Tales is arranged like a framework, and are meant to the reveal the life of fourteenth century England through the embellished, but classic characters as well as glimpse into Chaucer’s own personal history. Chaucer was born in 13 40 a son of a wealthy London merchant. Like most well to do young boys, he became a page in a noble household. In Chaucer’s case, he became page to the Countess of Ulster, daughter-in-law of King Edward III. This is where Chaucer would have been educated in the values of the aristocratic culture of the time, including its literary tastes which were probably based on French models. While participating in the king’s military expedition against the French, he was captured and ransomed by the king. He became a squire in the king’s household, which required him to take diplomatic voyages abroad. These journeys brought him to Italy. Italy would have a strong influence on his later literary work as he was strongly influenced by Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio. He became Controller of the Customs of Hides, Skins and Wools in the port of London, which meant that he was a government official who worked with cloth importers. Chaucer’s experience overseeing imported c loths might be why he could describe his characters so precisely and vividly. After his return to London, he held numerous positions in government, including being a member of Parliament. So, we can see through looking at Chaucer’s history that he gained inspiration for his characters in The Canterbury Tales through his life and work experiences. Chaucer’s intense realism of his characters was virtually unknown to readers in the fourteenth century. He was able to bring people from many walks of life together in the General Prologue of The Canterbury Tales. The pilgrims represent a diverse cross section of fourteenth century English society, a portrait of the nation as a whole. Medieval social theory divided society into three broad classes, called â€Å"estates.† There was the military estate who ruled the clergy, who prayed, and the laity estate who worked. Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales is an estate satire, which means that it was a critical commentary on the members of each estate. The Knight and Squire represent the military estate. The clergy estate is represented by the Prioress, her Secretary Nun, Priest, the Monk, the Friar, and the Parson. The other characters, such as the Merchant and Skipper are members of the laity. Chaucer’s descriptions of the various characters and their social roles reveal the influence of the medieval genre of estates satire.

Voice of the Customer, and Value Propositions, Southwest Airlines Essay

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